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急性髓性白血病伴三系病态造血（ＡＭＬ－ ＴＭＤＳ）是急性白血病的一种少见新类型，其形态学改变主要表现在血象和骨髓象有一定特征。累及三系病态造血是ＭＤＳ的重要细胞学特征，由ＭＤＳ发展来的急性白血病往往有ＴＭＤＳ存在。ＡＭＬ－ＴＭＤＳ除形态学特征性改变外，临床显示此类病人具有原发耐药，易早期复发，预后较差等特点。系统回顾初诊为急性髓性白血病２１５ 例，其中ＡＭＬ－ ＴＭＤＳ１８ 例，并就其形态学特征进行了总结分析及重点讨论，有助于提高对这一类型急性白血病的认识。
Acute myelogenous leukemia with three series of pathological hematopoiesis (AML-TMDS) is a rare new type of acute leukemia, and its morphological changes are mainly manifested in the blood and bone marrow features. Involvement of three-stage morbid hematopoiesis is an important cytological feature of MDS. Acute leukemia developed from MDS often has TMDS. In addition to the morphological changes of AML-TMDS, clinical manifestations of such patients have primary drug resistance, early recurrence, and poor prognosis. A systematic review of 215 cases of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia, including 18 cases of AML-TMDS, was conducted to summarize and analyze the morphological features of the patients, which will help to raise awareness of this type of acute leukemia.