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目的分析西安市阎良区2006—2011年儿童免疫接种开展情况和疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)发生特征,评价预防接种质量和国家扩大免疫规划(national immunization program,NIP)疫苗的安全性。方法①依据国家免疫规划疫苗基础报告接种率评价法(差值评价法)分析2006—2011年度阎良区上报的常规免疫监测数据。②采用随机抽样法每年对所有乡镇随机调查30名2岁以内儿童,查验接种卡、证,调查基础免疫接种率,③比较常规报表中1岁内基础免疫接种率与调查接种率是否存在统计学差异。④采用描述性方法对收集的AEFI(2006—2012年)的个案数据,进行相关指标流行病学分析。结果调查阎良区2006—2011年五苗基础免疫覆盖率逐年上升(92.26%～99.56%);调查五苗基础免疫覆盖率与报表接种率2006—2008年均有差异,估计接种率与报告接种率有一定偏差;2006—2011年阎良区AEFI报告32例,发生AEFI首位的疫苗为麻疹减毒活疫苗,AEFI分类诊断中,不良反应占90.83%,其他占9.17%。在各种AEFI临床损害中,居首位是过敏反应。2006—2011年阎良区AEFI报告发生率在0.12/100万剂～4.16/100万剂。结论阎良区儿童常规免疫接种质量不断提高,NIP疫苗安全性和预防接种质量良好。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of children immunization in Yanliang District in Yanliang District in Xi’an from 2006 to 2011 and the occurrence of suspected AEFI and to evaluate the quality of vaccination and national immunization program (NIP) Security. Methods ①According to the National Immunization Program Vaccine Based Reporting Inoculation Rate Evaluation Method (Difference Evaluation Method), the routine immunization surveillance data reported in Yanliang District in 2006-2011 were analyzed. (2) A random sample was used to survey 30 children aged less than 2 years in each township randomly, check the vaccination card and card, and investigate the basic immunization rate; (3) Compare the basic immunization rate with the surveyed vaccination rate difference. ④ Descriptive method was used to analyze the collected epidemiological data of AEFI (2006-2012). Results The coverage of basic immunization coverage of five seedlings in Yanliang district was increased year by year (92.26% ~ 99.56%) from 2006 to 2011 in Yanliang district. The coverage of basic immunization coverage and report vaccination coverage in 2006 were estimated to be different from 2006-2008. 32 cases of AEFI were reported in Yanliang District from 2006 to 2011. The first AEFI vaccine was attenuated live attenuated measles vaccine. In the AEFI classification, the adverse reactions accounted for 90.83% and the others accounted for 9.17%. In a variety of AEFI clinical damage, the first place is an allergic reaction. 2006-2011 Yanliang District AEFI report the incidence of 0.12 / 1 million doses ~ 4.16 / 1 million doses. Conclusion The quality of children routine immunization in Yanliang District is continuously improved, and the safety and vaccination of NIP vaccine are of good quality.