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二十一世纪以来,我国曾经进行过两次电力改革,在改革的过程中,电价问题始终是研究的重点内容。2002年的电力改革参照的是英国电力改革模式,在政府的调控背景下,通过交叉补贴以达到降低电价的目的,这种形式在不增加政府的财政负担的同时,实现了城乡居民电价的降低。随着社会主义市场经济的不断发展,2015年我国政府提出了电价应该由电力市场来决定,在促进电价改革的基础上,合理实施电价的交叉补贴。目前的交叉补贴主要源自于电力企业,但是如今的发电企业平均负债在80%左右,电网企业的平均负债也达到了60%,所以妥善的处理电价的交叉补贴就是目前非常重要的问题。
Since the 21st century, China has conducted two power reforms. In the process of reform, the issue of electricity tariffs has always been the focus of the study. The power reform in 2002 refers to the British power reform model. In the context of government regulation and control, the cross-subsidy is used to reduce the electricity price. This kind of reform can reduce the electricity price of urban and rural residents while not increasing the government’s financial burden . With the continuous development of the socialist market economy, in 2015 our government proposed that the electricity price should be decided by the power market, and based on the promotion of electricity price reform, the cross-subsidization of electricity price should be rationally implemented. The current cross subsidies mainly come from power companies, but today the average debt of power generation enterprises is about 80%, and the average debt of power grid enterprises reaches 60%. Therefore, proper cross subsidies to deal with electricity prices are very important issues at present.