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诺如病毒(NoVs)是引起人感染性胃肠炎和腹泻的主要病原体之一,通常会造成群体性的暴发疫情,给患者造成心理恐慌,同时给社会带来严重的经济负担。然而,NoVs尚不能在体外培养、基因型众多且容易变异,导致NoVs疫苗和抗病毒药物研究进展缓慢。随着病毒分子生物学技术的不断深入,NoVs基因组结构、复制特征、致病机制以及机体的免疫应答等方面已取得新的突破。本研究在介绍NoVs基因结构特征的基础上,着重从分子生物学角度将近些年有关NoVs发病机制、体内外模型、感染的诊断以及抗病毒药物及疫苗的研究现状做一综述和展望。
Norovirus (NoVs) is one of the major pathogens causing human gastroenteritis and diarrhea. It usually causes outbreaks of mass outbreaks, causing psychological panic to patients and bringing serious economic burden to society. However, NoVs still can not be cultured in vitro, and its genotype is numerous and easily mutated, resulting in the slow progress of NoVs vaccine and antiviral drugs. With the deepening of virus molecular biology techniques, new breakthroughs have been made in NoVs genome structure, replication characteristics, pathogenic mechanism and immune response of the body. Based on the structural features of NoVs gene, this review focuses on the molecular biology studies on the pathogenesis of NoVs, the in vitro and in vivo models, the diagnosis of infections, and the current research status of antiviral drugs and vaccines.