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距今115年前,全球人口中仅有13%居住在城市。时至2008年,世界一半人口为城市居民。据人口学专家预测,到2025年全球将有七成人口以城市作为生存的根基。在迅速的城市化过程,特大型城市的增多为人瞩目。按照国际通则,人口超过1000万的城市为特大型城市。在1975年之际,全球的特大型城市包括东京(2660万人)、纽约市(1590万人)、上海(1140万人)、墨西哥城(1070万人),数量屈指可数。[1]而目前,全球4.5亿多人居住在28个特大型城市,占全世界城市人口12%;在特大型城市中,16个在亚洲,4个在拉丁美洲,3个在非
115 years ago, only 13% of the world’s population lived in cities. By 2008, half of the world’s population was city dwellers. According to demographers, 70% of the world’s population will have cities as the basis for their survival by 2025. In the rapid process of urbanization, the increase of mega-cities has drawn much attention. According to international rules, cities with a population of more than 10 million are mega-cities. By 1975, there were only a handful of mega-cities in the world, including Tokyo (26.6 million), New York City (15.9 million), Shanghai (11.4 million) and Mexico City (10.7 million). At present, more than 450 million people live in 28 mega-cities, accounting for 12% of the urban population in the world; in mega-cities, 16 are in Asia, 4 in Latin America, and 3 in Africa