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目的探讨膳食脂肪对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)发病的影响。方法选择GDM孕妇85例(GDM组),及正常孕妇159例(正常妊娠组)为调查对象。饮食治疗前对GDM组孕妇和正常妊娠组孕妇进行膳食调查。比较两组孕妇膳食结构中三大营养素供能百分比,特别是膳食脂肪、脂肪酸类型等。结果(1)GDM组孕妇每日摄入总热卡为(8970±2115)kJ,正常妊娠组为(8799±1785)kJ,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0·05)。(2)GDM组孕妇碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪供能百分比分别为(51·9±7·2)%、(17·5±0·9)%和(30·6±1·3)%,正常妊娠组分别为(53·6±8·1)%、(18·3±1·1)%和(28·1±2·3)%。GDM组脂肪供能百分比高于正常妊娠组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05);两组碳水化合物和蛋白质供能百分比比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0·05)。(3)GDM组孕妇饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸供能百分比分别为(15·2±0·4)%、(8·3±0·5)%和(7·1±0·5)%,正常妊娠组饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸供能百分比分别为(11·7±0·6)%、(10·1±0·4)%和(6·3±0·3)%。GDM组饱和脂肪酸供能百分比高于正常妊娠组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05);GDM组多不饱和脂肪酸供能百分比低于正常妊娠组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05);两组单不饱和脂肪酸供能百分比比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0·05)。结论孕妇高脂肪、高饱和脂肪酸和低多不饱和脂肪酸饮食可能是GDM发病的外部原因之一。
Objective To investigate the effect of dietary fat on the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods Eighty-five GDM pregnant women (GDM group) and 159 normal pregnant women (normal pregnancy group) were selected as the research object. Before diet treatment, the pregnant women in GDM group and normal pregnant women were subjected to dietary survey. The percentage of three nutrients in the diet of pregnant women was compared between two groups, especially dietary fat and fatty acid types. Results (1) The total daily caloric intake of pregnant women in GDM group was (8970 ± 2115) kJ, while it was (8799 ± 1785) kJ in normal pregnancy group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). (2) The percentages of carbohydrates, protein and fat supplied to pregnant women in GDM group were (51.9 ± 7.2)%, (17.5 ± 0.9)% and (30.6 ± 1.3)%, respectively The normal pregnancy group were (53.6 ± 8.1)%, (18.3 ± 1.1)% and (28.1 ± 2.3)%, respectively. The percentage of fat feeding in GDM group was higher than that in normal pregnancy group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); there was no significant difference in the percentage of carbohydrate and protein in two groups (P> 0. 05). (3) The percentages of saturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid in GDM group were (15.2 ± 0.4)%, (8.3 ± 0.5)% and (7.1 ± The percentages of saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in normal pregnancy were (11.7 ± 0.6)%, (10.1 ± 0.4)% and (6.0% · 3 ± 0 · 3)%. The percentage of saturated fatty acid supply in GDM group was higher than that in normal pregnancy group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acid supply in GDM group was lower than that of normal pregnancy group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion Pregnant women with high fat, high saturated fatty acid and low polyunsaturated fatty acid diet may be one of the external causes of GDM.