基于电催化析氧反应的硫化物催化剂研究进展

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氢能作为一种可燃烧的新型能源,凭借其清洁无污染等优点,被认为是人类从根本上解决能源与环境等全球性问题的理想替代能源.电解水是生产高纯度氢气的重要方法之一,也是现代清洁能源技术的重要组成部分.随着实际需求的不断增长,如何利用高效低耗的电催化剂来提升反应速率,已经成为当前新能源领域的研究重点之一.电解水反应由阴极析氢反应(HER)和阳极析氧反应(OER)两个半反应组成,其中HER反应相对容易进行;而相比于HER反应,OER反应动力学缓慢,是影响电解水效率的主要原因.为了提高电解水制氢的能量转化效率,高效OER电催化剂成为研究电解水制氢技术的关键因素.过渡金属催化剂由于其特殊的d轨道结构和在地球上丰富的储备量成为OER催化剂研究领域的热点,但是目前存在的主要问题是,与贵金属催化剂相比,过渡金属催化剂的催化活性较差.因此,发展一些高催化活性和高效稳定的电催化剂,成为该领域研究关注的重点.在过去的十余年间,硫化物、硒化物、磷化物和硼化物等非贵金属基OER电催化剂被大量研究并取得了长足的发展.在这些催化剂中,硫化物型电催化剂不仅具有成本优势,而且在析氧过电位、耐久性等方面正在接近甚至超越RuO2和IrO2等贵金属催化剂,颇具应用潜力.本文主要介绍了电解水析氧反应在不同电解质中的反应机理,从硫化物型OER电催化剂的物理化学性质入手,证实了硫化物型OER电催化剂在析氧反应中具有独特的优势,最后综述了有关硫化物型OER电催化剂在改进策略等方面的研究进展.
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