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一、汉初的文化政策 汉初的文化政策首先是侧重于废除秦代遗留下来的那些苛刻条例。惠帝四年的除挟书令即是这方面的先声: 初,秦燔灭文章以愚黔首。下令敢有挟书者族。六艺从缺焉。于是好古之士,或藏之山崖屋壁,或以口授生徒,高祖因秦律,未遑除去。至是年三月,帝乃下令除之。于是壁藏者纷纷出世,而口授者亦得书之于简策矣。 挟书令的废除不仅产生了一批新的文化典籍(如颜贞献《考经》),而且使得当初在民间流传的文化传授更加扩大其规模及影响。在“焚书令”颁布后,经书的传授只能在民间流行,博士官虽掌有《诗》、《书》等经籍,但只是为保存而保存,不可能以之为教。因此,文化传播在此时就受到遏制。而且民间流行的经籍、诸子学说的传授只能以秘密的方式进行,不可能达到较大规模的讲授,与后汉时郑玄等人开帷帐设私学相比简直有霄壤之别。但是在汉初,民间流行经书传授显然不再秘密地进行,虽然规模不如后汉,但私家经师的身份可以暴露,人们不再以挟书或教书而遭荼毒。如伏生教《尚书》于齐、鲁之间,高堂伯教《礼》于鲁地。正是有了这样的转变,到惠帝四年废除挟书令便是应时而生的结果。所以,《汉书·艺文志》云:“汉兴,改秦之败,大收篇籍,广开献书之路。”
First, the cultural policy of early Han Dynasty Cultural policy in the Han Dynasty first and foremost focused on abolishing the harsh regulations left over from the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Hui four years in addition to blackmail is the forerunner in this regard: early, Qin stupid burned article first. Dare to have ordered book clan clan. Six Arts from the lack of Yan. So a good old man, or possession of the cliff house, or dictatorial students, the emperor because of Qin law, not removed. Until March of that year, Dili ordered the addition. As a result, wall-collectors have been born, and dictators have to write their own books. The abolition of the warrant not only produced a number of new cultural books (such as YAN Zhen-xian’s “Textual Criticism”), but also expanded the scale and influence of the culture taught in the folk. After the issuance of the Book of Encyclical Decree, the book can only be taught in the private sector. Although the doctoral magistrate holds the books of “poems” and “books,” they can only be preserved for preservation and can not be taught as such. As a result, cultural transmission is contained at this time. Moreover, the teaching of the popular classics and philosophers can only be conducted in a secret way, and it is impossible to reach a large-scale teaching. Compared with the opening ceremony of the post-Han period of Zheng Xuan and others, the theory of private school is almost the same. However, in the early Han Dynasty, it was clear that the teaching of popular popular scriptures was no longer carried out in secret. Although the scale was not as good as that of the late Han, the identity of private moderators could be exposed. People no longer rely on censoring or teaching. Such as Volkswagen “Book of Rites” in Qi, Lu between, Gao Dao Bo teach “ceremony” in Lu. It is with such a change, to four years Huidi repeal the booklet is a timely result. Therefore, “Han Yi Wen Zhi” cloud: “Hanxing, Qin defeat, a large collection of books, wide open book path.”