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极体是卵母细胞减数分裂的产物,含有和卵细胞相对应的遗传物质。激光法活检极体及胚胎运用于越来越多的植入前遗传学诊断(PGD)周期。利用活检的极体进行PGD可检测母源性染色体病和单基因病,其中非整倍体检测是其主要适应证。随着辅助生殖技术、胚胎活检和分子遗传学技术的发展及日益密切结合,多种检测方法,如荧光原位杂交技术、聚合酶链反应等分析极体并获得切实的临床诊断价值。虽然存在局限性,但已证明极体活检分析是一种行之有效的PGD方法。通过极体PGD,更多的遗传学疾病可得以诊断和筛查。
Poles are the product of oocyte meiosis and contain genetic material that corresponds to the egg cell. Laser biopsy electrodes and embryos are used in an increasing number of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) cycles. PGD with biopsy can detect maternal chromosome disease and single gene disease, of which aneuploidy detection is the main indications. With the development of assisted reproductive technology, embryo biopsy and molecular genetics technology and its increasingly close combination, a variety of detection methods, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction and other analysis polar body and obtain practical clinical diagnostic value. Although there are limitations, it has been demonstrated that biopsy analysis is an effective PGD method. With polar body PGD, more genetic diseases can be diagnosed and screened.