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目的了解始兴县幼托儿童麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎免疫状况,为消除麻疹,控制风疹和腮腺炎疫情提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法在始兴县抽取1个街道和4个乡镇,调查辖区内所有幼儿园的3~6岁未患过麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎的儿童,采集末梢血样本,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎Ig G抗体检测。结果共检测幼托儿童2 583人,麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎Ig G抗体阳性率分别为95.90%(2 477/2 583)、96.63%(2 496/2 583)、88.62%(2 289/2 583)。3种抗体阳性率城区高于农村,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同年龄组间抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),男女性别抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),3种抗体阳性率均呈现随年龄增长而下降的趋势。结论始兴县3~6岁幼托儿童麻疹、风疹抗体阳性率较高,但腮腺炎抗体阳性率较低,今后应继续做好基础免疫和加强免疫工作,或调整免疫策略。
Objective To understand the immune status of measles, rubella and mumps in children of preschool children in Shixing County and to provide a scientific basis for the elimination of measles and the epidemic of rubella and mumps. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 1 street and 4 townships in Shixing County to investigate children aged 3 to 6 years who did not have measles, rubella and mumps in all kindergartens in the jurisdiction. Samples of peripheral blood were collected with Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measles, rubella, parotitis Ig G antibody test. Results A total of 2 583 children were enrolled in this study. The positive rates of measles, rubella and mumps were 95.90% (2 477/2 583), 96.63% (2 496/2 583) and 88.62% (2 289/2) respectively 583). The positive rate of the three kinds of antibodies in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). There were significant differences in antibody positive rate among different age groups (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of antibody between male and female (P> 0.05). The positive rate of all three antibodies showed a trend of decreasing with age. Conclusion The positive rate of measles and rubella antibody in children aged 3 ~ 6 years old in Shixing County is relatively high, but the positive rate of mumps antibody is low. In the future, basic immunization and immunization should be continued or immune strategy should be adjusted.