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目的研究水通道蛋白1(aquaporin1,AQP1)在小鼠嗅黏膜中的表达模式及其对嗅觉形成的作用。方法应用免疫荧光和免疫印迹技术研究野生型和AQP1基因敲除小鼠嗅黏膜中AQP1的表达差异;采用埋藏食物小球实验(含对照实验)、嗅觉迷宫实验(含对照实验)2种嗅觉行为学方法以及气体刺激性嗅觉电位记录(electroolfactogram,EOG)检测2组小鼠嗅觉功能的差异。结果免疫荧光和免疫印迹结果均证实了AQP1基因敲除小鼠嗅黏膜中没有AQP1的表达;免疫荧光结果表明AQP1主要分布于嗅黏膜的血管内皮细胞和嗅神经束膜上。行为学检测结果显示,埋藏食物小球实验中第1、2天2组寻找食物时间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而第3天和对照实验之间无明显差异(P>0.05);嗅觉迷宫实验中2组除对照实验外,寻找食物时间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。气体刺激性诱发电位结果显示,2组小鼠嗅黏膜在不同气压强度饱和Trithylamine作用下的嗅觉电位波形相似,波幅均随气压的逐渐增加而增大;而在相同气压作用下,AQP1基因敲除小鼠嗅觉电位的波幅低于野生型小鼠,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 AQP1主要分布在嗅黏膜的血管内皮细胞和嗅神经束膜上;AQP1基因敲除小鼠的嗅觉敏感性较野生型小鼠有一定程度的降低,但嗅神经元兴奋性没有差异。AQP1可能在嗅觉信号传递过程中发挥作用。
Objective To study the expression pattern of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in olfactory mucosa of mice and its effect on olfactory tract formation. Methods The expression of AQP1 in wild-type and AQP1-knockout mice was studied by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The effects of olfactory function on the expression of AQP1 in the olfactory mucosa of the wild-type and AQP1-knockout mice were analyzed by using the method of burying food pellet (including control), olfactory maze (including control) Methods and gas-stimulated olfactory potential recording (EOG) were used to detect the differences in olfactory function between the two groups. Results The results of immunofluorescence and Western blotting confirmed that AQP1 knockout mice did not express AQP1 in the olfactory mucosa. The results of immunofluorescence showed that AQP1 mainly distributed in the vascular endothelial cells and olfactory tract of olfactory mucosa. Behavioral test results showed that there was a significant difference in the time of looking for food between the two groups on day 1 and day 2 in burial food pellets (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between day 3 and control (P> 0.05) Olfactory maze test in addition to the control group, two groups, looking for food time difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The results of gas-stimulated evoked potentials showed that the olfactory potential waveforms of olfactory mucosa of mice in two groups were similar under the action of saturated Trithylamine under different barometric pressure, the amplitudes increased with the increase of barometric pressure; while under the same pressure, the AQP1 knockout The amplitude of olfactory potential of mice was lower than that of wild-type mice, but the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion AQP1 is mainly distributed in the vascular endothelial cells of olfactory mucosa and olfactory fascia. AQP1 knock-out mice have a lower olfactory sensitivity than wild-type mice, but there is no difference in excitability of olfactory neurons. AQP1 may play a role in olfactory signaling.