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对油松其种群结构及类型划分等方面的研究可为分类经营、森林结构优化、天然林合理培育、封山育林措施的制定奠定理论和实践基础。鉴于此,在研究区选择具有典型性、代表性的地段设置标准地进行野外调查,运用Excel以及DPS等软件对所调查数据进行处理的基础上研究其群落学特性。研究结果表明:①建群种油松从年龄结构判断呈稳定群落,15-50年生的树较多,但新生植株较少,这可能与群落的自疏作用有关,但在一定程度上保持了群落的更新;②运用DPS软件对所调查27个标准地的山地油松群落进行聚类分析后进行类型划分,共划分为5中类型,分别为:Ⅰ.高山杜鹃—油松林;Ⅱ.胡枝子—油松林;Ⅲ.黄栌—油松林;Ⅳ.绣线菊—油松林;Ⅴ.锐齿栎—油松林;③不同类型群落乔木层物种多样性指数明显低于灌木层,乔木层和灌木层的多样性指数表现出较高的一致性,即乔木层多样性指数高的种组灌木层亦高;群丛Ⅰ丰富度指数(S)、Simpson指数(D)、Shanon-Wiener指数(H′)、Pielou均匀度指数(Jsw),都最低,由于群落Ⅰ处于山脊,旱生环境,土层较薄,肥力较差,水分条件差;④山地油松5个群落均为集群型分布,天然油松种群的分布格局取决于该种群的生物学特性和环境2个方面的因素及其相互作用,一方面,油松种子较重,一般散落在母株周围;另一方面,油松种子易于聚集在地面的凹槽处。
The studies on its population structure and type division of Pinus tabulaeformis can lay a theoretical and practical foundation for the development of classified management, forest structure optimization, rational cultivation of natural forests, and closing hillsides for afforestation. In view of this, the field survey was conducted by selecting representative and representative site setting standards in the study area, and the data of the survey were processed by software such as Excel and DPS to study the community characteristics. The results showed as follows: ①The Pinus tabulaeformis was stable from the age structure, there were more trees from 15 to 50 years old, but fewer new plants, which may be related to the self-sparing of the community, but to a certain extent (2) Cluster analysis of Pinus tabulaeformis communities in 27 standard areas investigated by DPS software was divided into 5 types, which were: Ⅰ. Rhododendron simiarum - Pinus tabulaeformis; Ⅱ. Branches of Pinus tabulaeformis - Pinus tabulaeformis forest; Ⅲ.Photocarpus - Pinus tabulaeformis forest; Ⅳ. Spiraea - Pinus tabulaeformis forest; Ⅴ.Quercus variabilis - Pinus tabulaeformis forest; ③The diversity indices of arborous layer in different types of communities were significantly lower than those in shrub layer, arbor layer and shrub The diversity index of the layer showed higher consistency, that is, the species diversity of the shrub layer was also higher in the arborous layer. The abundance index (S), Simpson index (D), Shanon-Wiener index ’) And Pielou evenness index (Jsw) were the lowest. Because the community I was in the ridge and dry environment, the soil was thin, the fertility was poor and the water condition was poor. (4) The five communities of Pinus tabulaeformis were cluster- The distribution pattern of natural Pinus tabulaeformis population depends on the biological characteristics of the population and the environment 2 parties Factors and their interaction, on the one hand, heavy pine seeds, typically scattered around the mother plant; on the other hand, pine seeds tend to collect in the groove at the ground.