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为评价小麦养分专家系统(Nutrient Expert,NE)推荐施肥对冬小麦产量效应、养分利用率和农田环境效应的影响,对2010~2014年期间在河北省开展的83个小麦试验进行了分析。结果发现:小麦养分专家系统推荐施肥量较农民习惯施肥量氮、磷肥分别降低了47.0%和10.4%,钾肥增加了102.0%;小麦养分专家系统推荐施肥较农户施肥增产在2.6%~13.0%之间,氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为31.7%、10.9%和31.0%,氮肥偏生产力为47.9kg/kg,显著高于农民习惯施肥处理24.7 kg/kg;小麦养分专家系统推荐施肥的农田温室气体排放总量和排放强度分别为2 211 kg CO_2 eq/hm~2和332 kg CO_2 eq/t,显著低于农民习惯处理的3 720 kg CO_2 eq/hm~2和589 kg CO_2 eq/t。小麦养分专家系统推荐施肥提高了养分利用率、降低了农田温室气体排放,可以在河北省小麦主产区推广应用。
To evaluate the effect of recommended fertilization on winter wheat yield, nutrient utilization and farmland environmental effects, Nutrient Expert (NE) recommended 83 wheat trials in Hebei Province during 2010-2014. The results showed that the recommended fertilization rate of wheat expert system was 47.0% and 10.4% lower than that of peasants and the potash fertilizer increased by 102.0%. The recommended fertilization of wheat expert system was 2.6% ~ 13.0% higher than that of peasant households The utilization rates of N, P and K were 31.7%, 10.9% and 31.0% respectively, and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer was 47.9kg / kg, which was significantly higher than that of peasants’ habitual fertilization treatment 24.7 kg / kg. The total amount of gas emitted and the emission intensity were 2 211 kg CO 2 eq / hm 2 and 332 kg CO 2 eq / t, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of 3 720 kg CO 2 eq / hm 2 and 589 kg CO 2 eq / t. Recommended wheat fertility expert system to improve nutrient utilization and reduce farmland greenhouse gas emissions can be popularized and applied in the main wheat growing areas in Hebei Province.