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目的了解广州市某汽车制造企业存在的主要职业病危害因素和工人的健康状况,以便及时发现存在的问题,提出合理化建议。方法对2011年该汽车制造企业的职业病危害因素监测和工人健康检查资料进行分析。结果该企业的主要职业病危害因素是噪声、电焊烟尘、锰及其化合物等,作业场所噪声强度和空气中锰及其化合物浓度合格率分别为59.6%、87.5%,电焊烟尘、其他粉尘合格率分别为87.5%、88.9%,其余均符合国家职业卫生标准。工人慢性咽炎、心电图异常、脂肪肝和慢性鼻炎患病率分别为35.5%、24.2%、11.2%和10.4%。噪声接触工人较非接触工人听力明显下降(χ2=13.409,P<0.01),接触粉尘工人慢性鼻炎患病率显著高于非接触工人(χ2=3.905,P=0.048);电焊作业工人尿锰含量明显高于非电焊工人(χ2=47.477,P<0.01)。结论噪声是该企业最严重的职业病危害因素,对接触工人造成了听力损伤,听力损伤发生率随接触工龄延长而增加,存在剂量-反应关系,值得重视,同时应加强对粉尘和电焊烟尘接触工人的健康检查。
Objective To understand the main occupational hazards and the health status of workers in a car manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou in order to find out the problems in time and put forward reasonable suggestions. Methods The occupational disease hazard monitoring and the workers’ health checkup data of the automobile manufacturing enterprises in 2011 were analyzed. Results The main occupational hazards of the enterprise were noise, welding fume, manganese and its compounds. The noise intensity of the workplace and the passing rate of manganese and its compounds in the air were 59.6% and 87.5% respectively. The passing rates of welding dust and other dusts were respectively 87.5%, 88.9%, the rest are in line with the national occupational health standards. Workers with chronic pharyngitis, abnormal ECG, fatty liver and chronic rhinitis prevalence were 35.5%, 24.2%, 11.2% and 10.4%. Compared with non-contact workers, noise exposure workers significantly decreased hearing (χ2 = 13.409, P <0.01), and the prevalence of chronic rhinitis among workers exposed to dust was significantly higher than that of non-contact workers (χ2 = 3.905, P = 0.048) Significantly higher than non-welding workers (χ2 = 47.477, P <0.01). Conclusion Noise is the most serious occupational hazard in this enterprise. It causes hearing impairment to exposed workers. The incidence of hearing loss increases with exposure to longer service life. There is a dose-response relationship that deserves attention. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the protection of workers exposed to dust and welding dust Health checkup