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邓小平同志在1992年春到南方视察时的重要讲话中说:“社会主义的本质,是解放生产力,发展生产力,消灭剥削,消除两极分化,最终达到共同富裕。”(《邓小平文选》第三卷,第373页,)小平同志这五句话是在当代社会主义实践的基础上,对科学社会主义的本质特征最全面、最深刻的界定。它既具有时代的特点,也是我们党对当代社会主义实践经验进行再认识的科学总结。这五句话有三个层次,它既包括生产力方面的问题,即解放和发展生产力;也包括生产关系方面的问题,即消灭剥削,消除两极分化;还包括社会主义制度的最终目的:达到共同富裕。它全面地回答了在当代什么是科学社会主义的内涵这个问题。这五句话是互相联系,互为因果的,是生产力和生产关系的辩证统一,不能把它加以割裂,更不能对它作片面地理解。 深刻地理解这五句话,我们首先要运用唯物史观来观察社会主义制度,来总结社会主义在当代的实践。按照唯物史观,社会制度之间的区别,本质上是生产方式的区别,而生产方式是既包括生产力也包括生产关系的,是生产力与生产关系的辩证统一。我们在界定一种社会制度时,如果只抓住生产力或者生产关系一个方面来加以区别,那都是不正确的。 社会主义阶段最根本的任务就是要发展社会生产力。解放生产力、发展生产力是社会主义?
In his important speech at the inspection tour to the South in the spring of 1992, Comrade Deng Xiaoping said: “The essence of socialism is to liberate the productive forces, develop the productive forces, eliminate exploitation, eliminate polarization and finally achieve common prosperity.” P. 373) Comrade Xiaoping’s five sentences are the most comprehensive and profound definition of the essential characteristics of scientific socialism on the basis of contemporary practice of socialism. It has both the characteristics of the times and the scientific conclusion of our party about re-understanding the practical experience of contemporary socialism. These five phrases have three levels. They include not only productivity issues, that is, liberation and development of productive forces. They also include problems in relations of production, that is, the eradication of exploitation and the elimination of polarization. It also includes the ultimate goal of the socialist system to achieve common prosperity . It comprehensively answers the question of what is the connotation of scientific socialism in contemporary times. These five phrases are inter-related and causal. They are the dialectical unity of the productive forces and the relations of production. They can not be fragmented, nor can they be comprehensively understood. With a deep understanding of these five sentences, we must first of all use the historical materialism to observe the socialist system and sum up the practice of socialism in the present. In accordance with the historical materialism, the difference between social systems is essentially the difference between the modes of production, which includes both the productive forces and the relations of production. It is the dialectical unity of the productive forces and the relations of production. When we define a social system, we only make a difference if we grasp only one aspect of the productive forces or the relations of production. That is not correct. The most fundamental task in the socialist stage is to develop social productive forces. Liberation of the productive forces, the development of productive forces is socialism?