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热激蛋白(heat shock proteins,HSP,曾称热休克蛋白)是一类广泛存在于原核、真核生物细胞内的热应激蛋白质,和HSP受体结合发挥应激、抗感染、抗肿瘤作用。与肿瘤免疫相关的HSP受体主要包括TLR2/4、CD91、SR、CCR5等。TLR2/4一方面可与CD14形成受体复合物结合HSP,促进树突状细胞(DC)和免疫效应细胞聚集,激活抗肿瘤免疫应答;另一方面也可在肿瘤细胞表面高表达,促进肿瘤生长分化。CD91能够发挥肿瘤抗原提呈作用,作为信号性受体启动抗肿瘤免疫应答;但表达于肿瘤细胞上的CD91往往会促进肿瘤的迁移和侵袭。SR参与内源性抗原识别和交叉提呈,可以识别肿瘤细胞,进而激活大量CD8+T细胞发挥抗肿瘤作用。CCR5参与致癌机制,是多种肿瘤发生、发展和预后判断的新型生物学标志。随着研究的深入HSP受体有望成为未来肿瘤防治的新突破口。
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a class of heat-stress proteins widely found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that bind to HSP receptors to exert stress, anti-infective and anti-tumor effects . HSP receptors related to tumor immunity mainly include TLR2 / 4, CD91, SR, CCR5 and the like. On the one hand, TLR2 / 4 can bind HSP to CD14 receptor complex, promote dendritic cells (DCs) and immune effector cells to aggregate and activate anti-tumor immune response; on the other hand, TLR2 / 4 can also be highly expressed on the surface of tumor cells, Growth and differentiation. CD91 can play the role of tumor antigen presentation, as a signal receptor to start anti-tumor immune response; However, CD91 expressed on tumor cells often promote tumor migration and invasion. SR is involved in endogenous antigen recognition and cross-presentation, which can identify tumor cells and activate a large number of CD8 + T cells to exert anti-tumor effects. CCR5 is involved in carcinogenesis and is a new biomarker for multiple tumorigenesis, development and prognosis. With the in-depth study of HSP receptor is expected to become a new breakthrough in future cancer prevention and treatment.