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美国油气消费长期依赖进口,油气对外依存度一直居于较高水平。但近年来受油气产量快速增长、需求平稳下降等因素影响,美国油气对外依存度开始下降。作为油气生产和消费大国,美国油气供需结构的这一显著变化不仅仅影响自身的能源结构,也必然会产生全球层面的“溢出”效应,世界油气供需格局会因此受到影响。当前我国正处在制定和调整能源战略规划的关键时刻,在一些重要指标设计论证时需注意美国油气产业变化的溢出效应。
US oil and gas consumption has long been dependent on imports, and its dependence on foreign oil has always been at a relatively high level. However, in recent years, due to the rapid growth in oil and gas output and the steady decline in demand, the dependence on foreign oil and gas in the United States began to decline. As a great oil and gas producing and consuming country, the significant change of oil and gas supply and demand structure in the United States will not only affect its own energy structure, but also inevitably produce “spillover” effect at the global level. Therefore, the world oil and gas supply and demand pattern will be affected. At present, China is in the process of formulating and adjusting energy strategic planning. At the moment of design and demonstration of some important indicators, it is necessary to pay attention to the spillover effect of the changes in the oil and gas industry in the United States.