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To understand the clinical significance of CD4+ natural killer T (NK-T) cells in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from individuals with chronic HBV infection were separated routinely. After Induction with IL-12/IL-2 for 12 d, the proportion of CD4+NK-T cells in peripheral blood was determined by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis, and the cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) was tested with a 4 h 51Cr release assay. Results: After IL-12/IL-2 induction, the proportion of CD4+ NK-T cells was (18.1±4.20)%, (6.95±2.85)% and (1.50±1.30)% in the healthy control, CAH and AsC respectively. That in the peripheral blood of chronic HBV infected individuals was lower than that in the healthy control. CD8+ NK-T cells was (2.70±1.10)%, (2.20±1.40)% and (3.10±0.70)%respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity assays against Wish cells revealed that the PBLs cytotoxicity reduced in chronic HBV infected individuals (P＜0.05), and that in AsC group was significantly lower in comparison with CHB and healthy control groups. The cytotoxicity of CD4+ NK-T cells against Wish cells could be abolished by treating PBLs with either anti-CD4 Ab or anti-CD56 Ab and complement, and partially depleted by anti-CD8 Ab. Conclusion:The abnormal cellular immune function of chronic HBV infected individuals may be associated with the deficiency of CD4+ NK-T cells.