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膀胱是一个暂时性储尿容器,其为一个中空型球形器官。膀胱壁由内向外分为黏膜层、黏膜固有层、肌层以及浆膜层,浆膜层主要分布在有腹膜覆盖的区域。黏膜层由尿路上皮细胞层、黏膜肌层及固有膜层组成。血-尿屏障主要由尿路上皮层组成,其功能至关重要,若被破坏,尿中的溶质可以进入到黏膜固有层、黏膜肌层,甚至肌层而导致一系列不良反应。间质性膀胱炎的发生为膀胱尿路上皮屏障功能的重要性做了最好的诠释。屏障功能的丧失将导致尿液成分进入到黏膜固有层并进而至肌肉层,而引起耻骨联合上和下腰痛以及尿频,尿急和尿痛。随着对膀胱尿路上皮结构与功能研究的深入,为治疗膀胱尿路上皮病变提供了一个更好的前景。
The bladder is a temporary urine storage container, which is a hollow spherical organ. The bladder wall is divided into mucosa, mucosal lamina propria, muscularis mucosa and serosa from the inside out, the serosa is mainly distributed in the area covered by the peritoneum. Mucosal layer by the urinary tract epithelial cell layer, mucosal muscle layer and the inherent membrane composition. The blood-urine barrier is mainly composed of the urothelium and its function is crucial. If it is damaged, solutes in the urine can enter into the lamina propria, mucosa, and even the muscularis and cause a series of adverse reactions. The occurrence of interstitial cystitis is the best interpretation of the importance of urinary bladder epithelial barrier function. The loss of barrier function will lead to urinary components into the lamina propria and then to the muscular layer, and cause pubic and upper back pain, frequent urination, urgency and dysuria. With the further study of bladder urothelial structure and function, it provides a better prospect for the treatment of bladder urothelial lesions.