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从中国经济运行的实证轨迹来看,产能过剩存在于以钢铁等为代表的中上游工业制造业和以部分机械制造行业为代表的中下游工业制造业,近年来在以高速公路、高速铁路和轨道交通为代表的基础设施行业也有所体现。在产能过剩的同时,中国的通胀压力尤其是生产资料价格上涨压力却难以消减。产能利用不足与通胀压力并存的根源值得深入分析。生产要素价格偏低且定价机制不合理、投资和消费需求结构失衡、企业在产能过剩情况下仍有利可图、投资的行业结构不尽合理以及投资主体结构失衡是造成这种现象的重要成因,其中投资结构和主体失衡是核心的深层次原因。
According to the empirical track of China’s economic operation, overcapacity exists in the middle and upper reaches of the industrial manufacturing industry represented by steel, etc., and the middle and lower reaches of the manufacturing industry represented by some machinery manufacturing industries. In recent years, the overcapacity in highways, high- Rail transport as the representative of the infrastructure industry has also been reflected. At the same time that overcapacity is exacerbated, inflationary pressures in China, especially the upward pressure on prices for the means of production, are hard to reduce. The root causes of the insufficiency of capacity utilization and inflationary pressures deserve further analysis. The low price of production factors and the unreasonable pricing mechanism, the unbalanced investment and consumer demand structure, the profitability of enterprises in the case of overcapacity are still profitable, the industrial structure of investment is not reasonable and the unbalanced investment structure is the important cause of this phenomenon. The imbalance between investment structure and main body is the core of the deep-seated reasons.