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随着我国“神舟”系列宇宙飞船的成功发射和回收以及“神舟十号”与“天宫一号”的成功对接及我国实施的探月计划,与航空航天有关的问题成为物理教学和高考的热点。在中学阶段,人造地球卫星问题主要是圆周运动问题,教师在教学中讲得比较透彻,学生也比较容易理解,但在卫星沿椭圆轨道运行和变轨问题上,在教学实践中,发现相当多的教师理解得不够透彻甚至错误,更遑谈学生能够正确理解并掌握。先从数学角度简单介绍椭圆的曲率半径,再探究几个常见的卫星沿椭圆轨道运行问题和卫星变轨问题。
With the successful launch and recovery of China’s “Shenzhou” spacecraft and the successful docking of “Shenzhou-10” and “Tiangong-1” and the lunar exploration program implemented in China, the problems related to aerospace have become Physics teaching and college entrance examination hot spots. In the secondary stage, the problem of man-made earth satellites is mainly the problem of circular movement. Teachers make a fairly thorough teaching and students are easy to understand. However, in the practice of satellite along elliptical orbit, Of teachers do not understand enough or even wrong, let alone talk about students can correctly understand and master. Firstly, the radius of curvature of the ellipse is briefly introduced from a mathematical point of view, and then several common problems of satellite along elliptical orbit and satellite orbit are explored.