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目的：评价血清Tau蛋白和神经元特异性烯醇化酶（ NSE）的水平变化对早产儿缺氧缺血性脑病（ HIE）的诊断意义。方法收集42例早产儿，其中28例HIE患儿作为观察组，14例正常早产儿为对照组，通过采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA），以此来测定两组早产儿血清Tau蛋白和NSE含量。结果观察组NSE水平明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）；观察组患HIE早产儿血清Tau蛋白水平明显高于对照组，其轻度组、中度组血清Tau蛋白水平均高于对照组，轻度组、中度组血清Tau蛋白水平均高于恢复期组患儿，结果均具有统计学意义（ P均＜0．05）。结论 NSE浓度增高可反映早产儿脑损伤的情况；血清Tau蛋白水平增高，早产儿患HIE的可能性较大；HIE早产儿血清Tau蛋白变化与脑损伤程度成正相关，HIE病情的转归通过Tau蛋白水平变化具有一致性。血清Tau蛋白及NSE水平两者结合能比较有效的反应脑损伤及预后的情况，对早产儿缺氧缺血性脑病的诊断及预后提供了重要的临床意义。“,”Objective To evaluate diagnostic significance of level change of Tau protein and NES in premature infant hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.Methods Collecting 42 cases of premature infants, in which 28 cases with HIE were in the observation group and 14 cases of normal premature infants were in the control group.Determining the serum Tau protein and NSE levels of these two groups by using the method of double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent ( ELISA) .Results NSE level in the obser-vation group was obviously higher than that of control group, with the difference statistically significant (P<0.05).The serum Tau pro-tein level in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group;the serum Tau protein levels in the mild group and medium group within the observation group were higher than those in the control group;The serum Tau protein levels in the mild and medium groups were higher than that in the convalescence group;All the above results were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion NSE concentration increase can reflect the situation of premature infant brain injury;It was highly possible that the prema-ture infant suffers from HIE when serum Tau protein level increases;The change of serum Tau protein in premature infant with HIE is positively correlated with the degree of brain injury;HIE disease outcome iss consistent with the change of Tau protein level.Combining serum Tau protein and NSE level can effectively reflect brain injury and prognosis situation, It has important clinical significance in di-agnosis and prognosis of premature infant HIE.