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中国文明起源是世界性的大课题 ,长期以来备受史学界和考古学界的关注。从考古学研究角度剖析 ,中国文明起源的探索历程可划分为三个不同的发展阶段 ,代表了中国文明起源探索从初始至深入的全过程。礼制是中国文明的重要特征。但与世界文明比较 ,中国文明还有其更重要 ,更具内涵的特征 ,那就是血缘集团的长期存在及在中国文明形成中发挥的独特作用。夏商周时期建立的是以血缘关系为前提 ,以地缘关系为纽带的宗族国家。这一特征不仅与恩格斯《家庭私有制和国家的起源》一书中界定的西方国家特征存在明显不同 ,而且也是维持中国五千年文明史连绵不断的重要因素。关于原始社会末期夏部族崛起的原因 ,目前学术界论述颇多 ,笔者认为若按恩格斯“两种生产”决定历史发展进程的论断 ,夏部落崛起的根本原因当是在历史发展的重要时刻 ,夏部族在两种生产中均较其他部族领先了一步
The origin of Chinese civilization is a worldwide major issue that has long attracted the attention of historians and archaeologists. From the perspective of archeological research, the exploration of the origins of Chinese civilization can be divided into three stages of development, representing the whole process of the exploration of the origin of Chinese civilization from the initial to the deep. Etiquette is an important feature of Chinese civilization. However, compared with the world civilization, Chinese civilization also has its more important and more connotative features. That is the long-standing existence of kinship groups and their unique role in the formation of Chinese civilization. The establishment of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties is based on blood relations as the prerequisite to the geo-relationship as a clan of clan countries. This feature is not only markedly different from the characteristics of Western countries as defined in Engels’s book Private Ownership and Origin of the Country, but also an important factor in maintaining the continuous history of 5,000 years of Chinese civilization. At the end of the primitive society, the reasons for the rise of the summer tribes, the current academic discourse quite a lot, I think that if Engels “two kinds of production” determines the historical development of the argument, the root cause of the rise of the summer tribe is an important moment in the historical development, summer Tribal took one step ahead of other tribes in both types of production