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慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染仍然是全球重大公共卫生问题，慢性乙型肝炎临床治愈是目前指南推荐的理想治疗目标。尽管优化现有抗病毒治疗方案能够使部分患者实现临床治愈，但是对大多数慢性乙型肝炎患者而言，按照现有的抗病毒治疗方案很难达到临床治愈。医学界已经开始共同努力，以寻求新的治疗策略，尤其旨在恢复肝脏微环境中免疫反应的免疫干预措施，其中免疫抗病毒反应在HBV清除中发挥至关重要的作用，最终实现慢性乙型肝炎的临床治愈可能需要抗病毒与免疫调节治疗药物的优化组合。“,”Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major world public health problem. Current guidelines of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) suggest the clinical cure as the ideal thearapeutic goal. Although the optimization of the existing antiviral treatment can make some patients achieve clinical cure, but for most patients with chronic hepatitis B, it is difficult to achieve clinical cure according to the existing antiviral treatment plan. The medical community has begun to work together to seek new treatment strategies, especially the immune intervention measures aimed at restoring the immune response in the liver microenvironment. Notably, immune antiviral response plays a crucial role in HBV clearance, and the clinical cure of chronic hepatitis B is finally achieved through the optimized combination of antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs.