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[背景]抗生素耐药性的出现与蔓延已成为全球性的人类健康威胁,它常常与滥用和误用临床和兽医的化学药物联系在一起。现代工业规模的动物饲养操作很大程度上依赖于兽医药物,包括抗生素,以促进动物的生长。由此产生的排泄物中的抗生素通过径流、淋溶和土地中使用的粪肥而传递到环境中。然而,牲畜饲养场空气传播的特征目前尚未经研究。[目的]确定在何种程度上,抗生素、抗生素耐药基因(ARG)和反刍动物相关的微生物是通过大型肉牛饲养场的颗粒物(PM)在空气中扩散的。[方法]收集10个肉牛饲养场顺风和逆风向的PM。提取PM后,使用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法量化5种兽用抗生素,用靶向定量聚合酶链式反应量化ARG,并用16S r RNA基因扩增和测序分析微生物群落多样性。[结果]来源于牲畜饲养场的气载PM促进了几种兽用抗生素以及包含ARG的微生物群落的扩散。下风向紧邻饲养场的气载PM中几种抗生素的浓度范围在0.5~4.6 mg/g PM。饲养场下风向收集的PM微生物群落中,与反刍动物相关的类群变得丰富,并且与上风向PM中的类别组合明显不同。此外,与上风向收集的PM相比,下风向收集的PM中的抗四环素类抗生素基因编码显着更为丰富。[结论]来自牲畜饲养场的经风扩散的PM包含了抗生素、细菌和ARGs。
[Background] The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance has become a global threat to human health and is often associated with abuse and misuse of clinical and veterinary chemical drugs. Modern industrial scale animal husbandry practices rely heavily on veterinary medicines, including antibiotics, to promote animal growth. The resulting antibiotics in the excrement are delivered to the environment through runoff, leaching and manure used in the land. However, the characteristics of airborne livestock farms have not been studied. [Objective] To determine to what extent antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and ruminants-related microbes are diffused in the air through particulate matter (PM) in large beef cattle farms. [Method] The downwind and upwind PM of 10 beef cattle farms were collected. After extracting PM, five kinds of veterinary antibiotics were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ARGs were quantified by targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction and microbial diversity was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. [Results] Airborne PM derived from livestock farms promoted the spread of several veterinary antibiotics and microbial communities containing ARG. The concentrations of several antibiotics in airborne PM next to the feedlot ranged from 0.5 to 4.6 mg / g PM. Among the PM microbial communities collected in the downwind of the farm, ruminants related groups became abundant and significantly different from the windward PM combinations. In addition, anti-tetracycline antibiotic gene codes in PM collected in the downwind direction were significantly more abundant than those collected in the upwind direction. [Conclusion] Wind-spread PM from livestock farms contained antibiotics, bacteria and ARGs.