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香港在容纳高密集度经济活动的同时保有一个多单元城市的功能与结构,这一多单元城市结构与欧洲新市镇运动有着一定的渊源。第二次世界大战后香港的一系列应对城市危机的规划将欧洲的新市镇理想模型转化为一种亚洲垂直花园城市的独特结构。本文以反思规划制度与规划思想之间的关系为起点,回顾隐藏在香港城市地景之下的“福利国家”线索。最后,通过简单回顾深圳等内地城市与香港的规划交流史,指出内地城市设计导则编制缺失的“集体主义”原则。
Hong Kong maintains the function and structure of a multi-unit city while accommodating high-intensity economic activities. This multi-unit urban structure has some roots in the European new town movement. After World War II, a series of Hong Kong’s plans to deal with the urban crisis turned Europe’s ideal model of a new town into a unique structure of a vertical garden city in Asia. Starting from the relationship between planning system and planning thinking, this article reviews the “welfare state” clues hidden in the urban landscape of Hong Kong. Finally, by briefly reviewing the planning and exchange history of the inland cities such as Shenzhen and Hong Kong, we point out the principle of “collectivism”, which lacks the compilation of the guidelines for urban design in the Mainland.