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目的调查深圳市龙岗区职业卫生执法能力现况,进行分析并提出改进建议。方法对该区职业卫生执法队伍现状、职业病危害特点、职业病发病情况、监督工作开展情况进行描述和比较分析。结果现有职业卫生监督人员78名,其中临聘人员占51.3%,非医学专业人员占26.9%,中级职称占14.1%。2008—2012年有毒有害企业个数分别为4 614、4 893、3 289、3 576和3 364个,相当一部分企业未落实职业病防治主体责任。这5年间共发生职业病100起,病例总数为111例。结论建议分设预防保健所和卫生监督分所两个机构,建立区、街道、社区三级工作网络,增强职业卫生监督人员技术力量,进一步加强监督管理力度。
Objective To investigate the status quo of occupational health law enforcement ability in Longgang District, Shenzhen, to analyze and put forward suggestions for improvement. Methods The current status of occupational health law enforcement personnel in this area, the characteristics of occupational hazards, the incidence of occupational diseases and the progress of supervision were described and compared. Results There were 78 occupational health supervisors, including 51.3% of temporary staff, 26.9% of non-medical professionals and 14.1% of middle-level professional titles. The number of poisonous and harmful enterprises in 2008-2012 was 4 614,4893,3289,3 576 and 3 364 respectively. A considerable number of enterprises did not fulfill the responsibility of occupational disease prevention and control. There were 100 occupational diseases in these 5 years, with a total of 111 cases. Conclusion It is suggested that there should be two agencies, preventive health centers and health supervision sub-offices, to set up a three-level working network of districts, streets and communities, enhance the technical force of occupational health supervisors and further strengthen the supervision and management.