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目的探讨接尘退伍兵发生晚发性矽肺的危险因素,为其有效防治提供依据。方法以350名接尘退伍兵为研究对象,进行危险因素病例对照研究。33名晚发性矽肺患者为矽肺组(病例组),无矽肺者317例为非矽肺组(对照组)。采用logistic回归分析其危险因素。结果 2组接尘工龄、脱尘时间、文化程度、职业、罹患肺部疾病、吸烟等因素的分布比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素logistic回归分析显示,接尘退伍兵晚发性矽肺的发生与年龄、接尘工龄、脱尘时间、职业、罹患肺部疾病、吸烟6个因素相关。多因素逐步logistic回归分析显示,合并肺部疾病、接尘工龄、年龄、吸烟4个因素是晚发性矽肺发生的独立危险因素。结论接尘退伍兵群体的晚发性矽肺发生是多种危险因素共同作用的结果。应建立合理有效的管理机制,加强接尘退伍兵群体的晚发性矽肺防治工作。
Objective To explore the risk factors of late silicosis in demobilized soldiers who received dust and provide basis for its effective prevention and treatment. Methods A total of 350 demobilized soldiers were taken as research objects to carry out a case-control study of risk factors. Thirty-three patients with late-onset silicosis were silicotic (case group), and 317 patients without silicosis were non-silicotic group (control group). Logistic regression analysis of risk factors. Results There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of occupational exposure, dusting time, educational level, occupation, lung disease and smoking between the two groups (P <0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of late silicosis in DPWs was related to 6 factors, including age, exposure to dust, dusting time, occupation, lung disease and smoking. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that the four factors associated with lung disease, the age of exposure to dust, age and smoking were independent risk factors for late silicosis. Conclusion The late silicosis occurred in the demobilized soldiers was the result of many risk factors. A rational and effective management mechanism should be established to strengthen the late silicosis prevention and control work for the demobilized soldiers groups.