论文部分内容阅读
早期喂养也许会改变日后1型和2型糖尿病的发病风险。然而,迄今为止这些信息仍颇有争议。当评价早期喂养与后期患糖尿病风险研究时,数据需要经过严格的评估,可能存在的混杂因素都必须考虑到。实验设计可能带来偏倚,同时,不同的国家和民族的早喂期养习惯存在着很大的差异。因此,某个人群结论不可能代表整体。有研究表明长期的母乳喂养,特别是单纯的人乳喂养,和在婴儿期添加维生素D,对β细胞的自身免疫和1型糖尿病有部分性的保护作用。相反地,早期喂养牛奶蛋白质、谷类和婴儿体重过重,都被认为是1型糖尿病的危险因素。对当地居民的研究发现长期母乳喂养对2型糖尿病也有保护作用。不良的胎儿营养造成的低出生体重的是后来的发生胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病的一个因素。最新的数据表明在学龄前儿童的超重和肥胖是发生胰岛素抵抗的决定性因子。有报道显示婴儿早期高营养膳食和快速生长是对代谢综合征(包括胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病在内的代谢综合征)程序性调控不利的主要部分。公共卫生工作和科学研究的目的是解释和定义早期营养对糖尿病的发展的防护或致病作用。因为.早期喂养可以潜在的尽可能的降低以后患慢性病的危险。
Early feeding may change the risk of developing type 1 and 2 diabetes in the future. However, this information is still controversial so far. When evaluating early-stage and late-stage diabetes risk studies, the data needs to be rigorously assessed and any possible confounders must be considered. Experimental design may bring bias, at the same time, different countries and ethnic groups have very different habits of early feeding and raising. Therefore, a group conclusion can not represent the whole. Studies have shown that long-term breastfeeding, especially simple breastfeeding, and vitamin D supplementation in infancy have a partial protective effect on beta-cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. Conversely, early feeding of milk protein, cereals and infants overweight are considered risk factors for type 1 diabetes. A study of local residents found that long-term breastfeeding also had a protective effect on type 2 diabetes. Low birth weight due to poor fetal nutrition is a factor that subsequently leads to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The latest data show that overweight and obesity in preschool children is a decisive factor in the development of insulin resistance. It has been reported that early infancy nutritional meals and rapid growth in infants are a major part of the programmed regulation of metabolic syndrome, including metabolic syndromes including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of public health work and scientific research is to explain and define the protective or pathogenic effects of early nutrition on the development of diabetes. Because early feeding can potentially reduce the risk of future chronic disease.