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针对“光束中空,光内送粉”激光熔覆工艺方法,通过改变激光功率、送粉速度、扫描速度、离焦量等工艺参数,分别进行单熔道表面形貌、熔道宽度和高度的实验对比研究,分析了环形光光内送粉的激光熔覆工艺参数对熔道成形质量的影响规律。结果表明,激光功率较小将导致熔覆不均匀,激光功率过大又会使熔道表面烧损,随着功率的增加熔道宽度有增大趋势,高度先增大后减小;扫描速度过快会导致粉末不能充分熔化,扫描速度过慢会增加熔道的厚度,影响熔覆质量,随着扫描速度的增加,熔道宽度和高度均减小;送粉速度增大导致熔化金属粉末增加,但熔道宽度增加不明显,当送粉速度过大时大量未熔化的金属粉末粘结在成形件的表面,影响成形件质量;随着离焦量的增加,熔道宽度明显增加,高度明显减小,离焦量较小时熔道会烧损,较大时熔道会无法形成。
According to the technological process of laser cladding, such as laser power, powder feeding speed, scanning speed and defocusing amount, the surface morphology of single melt channel, width of melt channel and High degree of experimental comparison and analysis of the ring light within the powder coating laser cladding process parameters affect the quality of the melt forming law. The results show that the smaller laser power will result in non-uniform cladding. When the laser power is too high, the surface of the melt will burn out. As the power increases, the width of the melt will increase, and the height will first increase and then decrease. The scanning speed Too fast will lead to the powder can not be fully melted, scanning speed is too slow will increase the thickness of the melt, affecting the quality of the cladding, with the scanning speed increases, the width and height of the melt decreases; feeding speed increases lead to molten metal powder But the width of the melt channel is not increased obviously. When the feeding speed is too high, a large amount of unmelted metal powder adheres to the surface of the forming part, which affects the quality of the forming part. With the increase of the defocusing amount, The height is obviously reduced, the melting path will burn when the defocusing amount is small, and the melting path will not be formed when the defocusing amount is large.