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文化的载体,主要是人、器物和精神产品。从发展演化而言,器物与精神产品则更多的具有文化依存的历史形态。当然,含有文化基因的器物与精神产品均是人创造的。人类精神产品之一的文学作品中,小说比之诗歌、散文所含的文化载量,尤为丰富多彩。因此,小说对文化发展演变的历史形态的写照,具有真实形象与历史价值。研究文化的发展流变与历史转型,小说应是主要的参照。 中国古代文化大致有四次发展高潮,即春秋战国时期、六朝时期、两宋时期与明清之际。文化的历史转型有两次,即春秋战国与明清之际,前者由上古文化向封建传统文化转化,后者由封建传统文化向近代文化转化。《红楼梦》对中国古代封建晚期精英文化即家·族·国文化层面形象展示的同时,又描绘了在旧的文化母体中勃勃生发的异质新态文化新芽,是封建传统文化向近代文化转型的形象写照。
The carrier of culture, mainly human beings, artifacts and spiritual products. In terms of development and evolution, utensils and spiritual products are more culturally dependent historical forms. Of course, artifacts and mental products that contain cultural genes are created by humans. Among the literary works of one of the products of the human spirit, novels are more rich and colorful than those contained in poetry and prose. Therefore, the novel portrays the historical form of the evolution of culture with its true image and historical value. Study of cultural development and changes in the history of transformation, the novel should be the main reference. Ancient Chinese culture has roughly four climaxes of development, namely the Spring and Autumn Period, the Six Dynasties period, the Song Dynasty and the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The historical transformation of culture has twice, that is, the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period and the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the former from the ancient culture to feudal traditional culture into the latter from the traditional feudal culture to modern culture. While presenting the image of elite culture at home and abroad and the country culture in the late stage of feudalism in ancient China, “Dream of Red Mansions” also depicts the new heterogeneous new-state cultural sprouts that flourish in the old cultural motherland and is the transition from feudal traditional culture to modern culture The image portrayal.