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1975年美国劳动职业安全和卫生部指出石棉是一种人类的致癌物质。随后,为解释石棉对动物细胞的诱变机制提出了一些假说,但却很少进行深入研究。由于石棉是一种惰性物质,它不能与细胞相互进行化学作用,更使人不解的是,为什么酷似石棉的其它的纤维物质如玻璃纤维却没有致癌的作用? 一个可能的致突变的机制是纤维透入学说,即纤维通过细胞膜透入,引起了DNA的损伤。纤维的大小和形状显然是达到致突变作用的关键。较长较厚的纤维能引起肺的纤维化,而较纤细的纤维却有很强的致癌作用。Stanton等
In 1975 the U.S. Department of Occupational Safety and Health pointed out that asbestos is a human carcinogen. Subsequently, some hypotheses were proposed to explain the mechanism of asbestos mutagenesis in animal cells, but little research was done. Since asbestos is an inert substance that can not chemically interact with cells, what is even more puzzling is why other fibrous materials resembling asbestos, such as fiberglass, are not carcinogenic. One possible mechanism for mutagenesis is Fiber penetration theory that the fiber penetrates through the cell membrane, causing DNA damage. The size and shape of the fiber is clearly the key to achieving the mutagenic effect. Longer thicker fibers can cause lung fibrosis, while more slender fibers have a strong carcinogenic effect. Stanton et al