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我国施行市场经济体制已有二十多年的时间了,由于理论知识和实践经验的不足,出现了诸多问题,尤其是市场中的道德问题极其严重。于是,我国逐渐掀起了对市场经济道德建设的高潮,要求建立健康的诚信经济。经济的主体是人,道德的主体也是人,所以我国在不断健全经济制度的同时,更需要关注对市场中“经济人”的道德培养。由于我国独特的以公有制为基础的社会主义市场经济体制,强调的更多的是集体主义思想,那么就必须要求我们的“经济人”理论在利己的基础上具有更多的道德内涵。亚当·斯密作为古典政治经济学的开创者,首次提出了“经济人”假设思想。在斯密的那个时代经济学是隶属于政治学的,而政治学又以哲学思想为基础,同时,斯密本身还是一位伦理学家,故他的“经济人”理论是含有丰富的道德性的,是立足于现实的经济生活的。所以,本文倡导对斯密“经济人”理论的回归,为我国市场经济道德建设提供参考。
China has practiced the market economic system for more than 20 years. Due to the lack of theoretical knowledge and practical experience, many problems have emerged. In particular, the moral problems in the market are extremely serious. Thus, our country has gradually set off the climax of the moral construction of the market economy and demanded the establishment of a healthy and honest economy. The main body of economy is man and the main body of morality is man. Therefore, while continuously improving the economic system, our country needs to pay more attention to the moral training of “economic man ” in the market. Because of our unique system of socialist market economy based on public ownership and the more emphasis on collectivism, we must demand that our “economic man” theory have more moral connotations on the basis of self-interest. As the pioneer of classical political economics, Adam Smith first proposed the hypothesis of “economic man”. In Smith’s time, economics was subordinated to politics, and politics was based on philosophy. At the same time, Smith was still an ethic, and his theory of “economists” was rich The moral character is based on the reality of economic life. Therefore, this article advocates the return of Smith ’s “economic man ” theory and provides a reference for the moral construction of market economy in our country.