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大白菜和其它许多作物一样,用两个不同遗传特性的品种进行杂交都存在杂种优势,只要亲本和杂交组合选配得当,杂种第一代生长势和抗性增强,都比亲本显著增产。由于大白菜为异花授粉作物,采用自然杂交方式进行制种,方法简而易行,便于推广。近年来,我们对大白菜杂种优势利用进行了试验,确定了一些优良的杂交组合,并已开始在本省推广应用,取得了良好效果。一、杂种优势的表现 (一)产量提高大白菜杂种一代比亲本产量均有不同权度的提高,据我们在杭州、金华等地试验,产量较双亲显著提高的组合有“早皇白”ד抱头白”、“抱头白×旅大小根”、“小青口×城阳青”、“小青口×旅大小根”等,增产幅度一般为11.1-30％,高的达79％,其反交也有相似效果(表1,图1、2),这些组合都比当地主栽品种增产。
Chinese cabbage, like many other crops, has heterosis for crossing with two different genetic traits. As long as the parents and cross combinations are properly selected, the growth vigor and resistance of the first generation hybrids are significantly increased compared with that of the parents. As Chinese cabbage is cross-pollination of crops, the use of natural hybrid seed production, the method is simple and easy to promote. In recent years, we have conducted experiments on the utilization of heterosis in Chinese cabbage, identified some excellent hybrid combinations and have begun to promote their use in the province and achieved good results. First, the performance of heterosis (a) increase yield Chinese cabbage hybrid generation than the parental production has different rights to improve, according to our tests in Hangzhou, Jinhua and other places, significantly higher than the parent output increased the combination of “early imperial white” × “Baotou white”, “Baotou white × brigade size root”, “Xiaoqingkou × Chengyang green”, “Xiaokoukou × Brigade size root” and so on, the yield increase is generally 11.1-30%, high of 79 %, And the reciprocal crossover has similar effects (Table 1, Figure 1 and Figure 2). All of these combinations are more efficient than the local cultivars.