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石油及其产品的毒性已为人熟知,加入微量抗爆剂——四乙基铅的乙基汽油,毒性更著。随着铁路运输石油产品的增加,清洗运送石油油罐车的任务亦相应加大。油罐车是一种运送石油的铁路车辆,为卧式园筒形,容积25～40M~3。多次盛装石油后或换装不同油类,均须送至铁路洗罐所进行蒸洗。洗罐过程中,工人需数度进入空气极不流通的罐车内作业,密切接触石油及其气溶胶,为保障工人的健康,我们在1966～1967年对某铁路洗罐所进行了初步的卫生学调查。卫生学调查一、生产的一般情况某铁路洗罐所共有人员八名,二名锅炉工,六名洗罐工。平均每月蒸洗罐车64台,其中:装过乙基汽油罐车占48.5%,装过煤油罐车占25.8%,装过柴油罐车占25.7%。洗罐工艺流程如下:罐车进入台位→工长开罐检查(视、嗅鉴别原装油类)→抽油或放油→工人下罐掏油→4～5公斤/平方厘米干热蒸汽蒸洗→机械送风(风
The toxicity of petroleum and its products is well known. The addition of ethyl acetylene, a trace antiknock agent, is more toxic. With the increase of railway transportation petroleum products, the task of cleaning and transporting petroleum tankers has also been correspondingly increased. Oil tanker is a kind of railroad vehicle for transporting oil. It is a horizontal cylinder with a volume of 25 ~ 40M ~ 3. Many times after dressing oil or dress up different oils, must be sent to the railway wash tank for steaming. During the process of tank washing, workers needed several times to work in tankers with extremely poor circulation and had close contact with petroleum and aerosol. In order to protect the health of workers, we conducted preliminary sanitation of a railway tank washing from 1966 to 1967 Learn to investigate. Health Survey First, the production of a general situation of a railway wash tank staff of eight, two boiler workers, six wash pot workers. On average, 64 tankers were washed per month, of which 48.5% were loaded with ethyl gasoline, 25.8% loaded with kerosene and 25.7% loaded with diesel tankers. Tank washing process is as follows: tanker into the station → inspectors open the cans (depending on the olfactory identification of the original oil) → pumping oil or drain → workers under the tank dig oil → 4 ~ 5 kg / cm 2 dry steam steaming → mechanical air supply (wind