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免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）已经成为晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）一线、二线重要的治疗策略之一。最新临床研究显示，免疫治疗可为早期肺癌患者、可手术的局部晚期肺癌患者带来更多的生存获益。但新辅助免疫治疗的方案、手术时机、疗效评估体系、预测标志物等问题仍需大样本的临床实践中进行探索。文章就新辅助免疫治疗在NSCLC中的进展进行综述。“,”Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has become one of the important therapeutic strategies for the patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The latest clinical studies have shown that immunotherapy can bring more survival benefits to patients with early lung cancer and operable patients with locally advanced lung cancer. However, the strategies of neoadjuvant immunotherapy, the timing of operation, the evaluation system of curative effect, predictive markers and other problems still need to be explored in the clinical practice of large samples. This paper reviews the progress of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in NSCLC.