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针对深空探测过程中地面测控数传能力及着陆器星上功率受限等问题,文章提出了以轨道器为中继站的火星着陆器测量定位方法,旨在工程约束条件下分析地面测控站对着陆器的跟踪情况、轨道器与着陆器之间的可观性以及不同着陆点定位精度的差异,并给出相应的误差改善措施。该手段充分利用轨道器星上设备,达到提高定位精度的目的。结果表明,轨道器与着陆器之间通信的可见性要好于着陆器直接对地通信,有利于着陆器位置的确定;此外,通过几何因子和克劳美罗下限分析发现,若着陆器的着陆点位于轨道器星下点区域内,其定位精度较差。该方法充分利用轨道器与着陆器间的UHF通信链路,可为中国首次火星自主探测任务中着陆器的安全着陆提供参考。
In order to solve the problem of data transmission ability of ground monitoring and control and power limitation of lander on deep space exploration, the paper proposes a method to measure and locate the Mars lander with orbiter as a relay station, Tracking of the device, the observability between the orbiter and the lander, and the difference in the positioning accuracy at different landing points, and corresponding error improvement measures are given. The means to make full use of orbiter satellite equipment to achieve the purpose of improving positioning accuracy. The results show that the visibility of orbiter and lander communication is better than that of the lander directly communicating with the ground, which is in favor of the determination of the lander position. In addition, through the geometric factor analysis and the Crowe-Mellow analysis, it is found that if the lander landing Point in the orbiter under the star area, its positioning accuracy is poor. This method makes full use of the UHF communication links between orbiter and lander, which can provide a reference for the safe landing of the lander in China’s first Mars autonomous exploration mission.