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为了认识地铁火灾烟气的流动规律,达到为消防设计提供相关资料并采取合理消防措施的目的。采用缩尺盐水实验与计算机计算流体力学数值模拟相结合的方法对地铁火灾进行研究．研究受限空间火灾烟气运动的手段主要有全尺寸火灾实验、小尺寸模拟实验和计算机数值模拟3种．实验模拟了列车着火和站台着火2种情况。得到了地铁火灾的烟气流动规律,比较并分析了计算流体力学数值模拟与盐水实验得出的烟层无量纲高度和无量纲时间．计算流体力学数值模拟与盐水实验得到的烟气到达楼梯口所需时间相差为1．5～2 s,到达远侧楼梯口所需时间相差7．2 s．二者之间存在着一定的误差,但误差不大．同一时刻,数值模拟比盐水实验得到的无量纲烟层高度高0．1左右,变化趋势一致．结果表明,实验条件选取合理,方程模型选用和边界条件设置恰当,盐水实验与计算流体力学数值方法模拟地铁火灾均是可行的．
In order to understand the law of the flow of smoke in subway fire, the purpose of providing relevant information for fire protection design and taking reasonable fire-fighting measures is achieved. The metro fire was researched by the combination of scaling saline experiment and computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation. There are three kinds of methods to study the smoke movement in confined space fire: full-scale fire experiment, small-scale simulation experiment and computer numerical simulation. The experiment simulated two kinds of situations, such as train fire and platform fire. The flue gas flow rule of subway fire was obtained. The non-dimensional height and dimensionless time of smoke layer obtained by numerical simulation of fluid mechanics and brine experiment were compared and analyzed. Comparisons between computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and those obtained from the brine experiment show that the time required for flue gas to reach the landing is 1.5 ~ 2 s, and the time required to reach the far-reaching landing is a difference of 7.2 s. There is a certain error between the two, but the error is not big. At the same time, the numerical simulation is about 0.1 higher than the dimensionless smoke layer obtained from the brine experiment, and the change trend is the same. The results show that reasonable selection of experimental conditions, selection of equation model and setting of boundary conditions are appropriate. It is feasible to simulate metro fires by using salt water experiments and computational fluid dynamics numerical methods.