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炭气凝胶是一种新型的多孔炭材料,具有可调控的独特的孔结构和良好的导电性,可应用于超级电容器、高效吸附材料、催化剂载体等。本文研究了酚醛基炭气凝胶纳米结构的形成过程和控制方法。炭气凝胶的孔结构主要取决于其前驱体—有机气凝胶。有机气凝胶结构源于溶胶-凝胶聚合中的微相分离过程,相分离经历了从成核—生长—亚稳分解的过渡,在成核—生长区停留时间的长短决定了气凝胶的骨架结构和孔结构。微相分离过程受到酚醛团簇的化学结构和溶剂环境的影响,通过调控酚醛团簇的化学结构和溶胶-凝胶聚合的溶剂环境,可以实现有机气凝胶的纳米结构调控,结合干燥和炭化控制,可以实现炭气凝胶结构的有效调控。
Carbon airgel is a new type of porous carbon material with unique pore structure and good conductivity. It can be applied to supercapacitors, high efficiency adsorbents, catalyst carriers and so on. In this paper, the formation process and control method of phenolic carbon-airgel nanostructures were studied. The pore structure of carbon aerogels depends mainly on its precursor - organic aerogels. Organic airgel structures originate from the micro-phase separation process in sol-gel polymerization. Phase separation undergoes a transition from nucleation-growth-metastability, and the length of residence time in the nucleation-growth zone determines the airgel Skeleton structure and pore structure. The micro-phase separation process is affected by the chemical structure of the phenolic cluster and the solvent environment. By regulating the chemical structure of the phenolic cluster and the solvent environment of the sol-gel polymerization, the nanostructures of the organic aerogels can be controlled and combined with the drying and charring Control, can effectively control the structure of carbon airgel.