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花粉单倍体育种是六十年代中期出现的一种新的育种技术。它与常规育种相比,能大大缩短育种年限,简化育种程序和提高育种效率。尤其对于无性繁殖为主的杨树来说,是一种快速育种的好方法。1975年中国科学院北京植物研究所首先对欧洲黑杨成功地诱导出单倍体植株。1976年黑龙江林科院林业研究所、东北林学院、营口市杨树研究所先后报导在小×黑、中东杨、大青杨、健杨、加×钻、小×钻等杨树品种中诱导出花粉植株。我所于去年开展杨树单倍体育种试验,一年来,诱导成功红光杨(P.nigra varitalica×P.simonii)花粉植株70多株。部分花粉植株正进行移栽观察。
Pollen haploid breeding is a new breeding technology emerged in the mid-1960s. Compared with conventional breeding, it can greatly shorten the breeding time, simplify the breeding program and improve the breeding efficiency. Especially for asexual propagation of poplar, is a good method for rapid breeding. In 1975, Beijing Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, first successfully induced haploid plants in Populus nigra. Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry Forestry Research Institute in 1976, Northeast Forestry College, Yingkou Poplar Institute has reported in the small black, the Middle East Yang, Populus, Jian Yang, plus × drilling, small × drilling and other poplar varieties induced Out of pollen plants. Last year, I conducted poplar haploid breeding test. Over the past year, more than 70 pollen plants of P. nigra varitalica × P. simonii were successfully induced. Some pollen plants are being transplanted.