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目的探讨60周岁以上民航飞行员基本认知能力的总体状况、发展变化及其影响因素。方法对210名60周岁民航航线飞行员进行计算机化的基本认知能力测试,将其与普通人常模进行差异比较及频次分析,其中56名飞行员的认知成绩与医学指标进行相关分析。同时,118名飞行员自60周岁起每半年追踪测试1次,最长者追踪至62周岁,通过差异比较观察其发展变化。结果飞行员群体在数字鉴别、心算、数字工作记忆测验的成绩显著优于普通人群(P<0.01),而在汉字快速比较和记忆再认测试上与普通人群没有显著差异,频次分布显示60岁飞行员群体的基本认知能力均存在个体差异。追踪观察的结果表明60岁以上飞行员认知能力随年龄增加并未出现显著衰减。任何医学指标与认知的相关均未达到统计显著性,只发现以总飞行时间为代表的飞行经验与数字鉴别、图形再认相关显著(P<0.05)。结论 60岁以上的民航航线飞行员群体,其认知能力优于普通人群,且追踪两年并不存在明显的认知衰减。本研究为特殊职业退休政策的制定和年长飞行员的安全监管提供一定的参考证据。
Objective To investigate the general status, development and changes of civil aviation pilots over the age of 60 and their influencing factors. Methods Totally 210 civil aviation route pilots aged 60 were tested for their computerized basic cognitive abilities. The differences and frequency analyzes between the pilots and ordinary norm were carried out. Among them, 56 pilots’ cognitive scores were correlated with medical indicators. At the same time, 118 pilots tracked the test once every six months since the age of 60 and the longest tracked to 62 years of age. The differences were observed and compared between the two pilots. Results The results of pilots in digital identification, mental arithmetic and digital working memory test were significantly better than those in the general population (P <0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the pilot group and the general population in Chinese characters quick comparison and memory re-confirmation test. The frequency distribution showed that the pilot aged 60 There are individual differences in the basic cognitive abilities of groups. The follow-up results showed that the cognitive abilities of pilots over the age of 60 did not show significant decay with age. No correlation between any medical index and cognition reached the statistical significance. Only the flight experience represented by the total flight time was found to be significantly related to the digital identification and the graphic recognition (P <0.05). Conclusion The pilots of civil aviation route over the age of 60 have better cognitive ability than the general population, and there is no significant cognitive decline after two years of follow-up. This study provides some reference evidence for the establishment of special occupational retirement policy and the safety supervision of older pilots.