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目的 分析2008-2015年黑龙江省13个地级市(区)的结核病患者流行病学特征,以了解黑龙江省肺结核疫情,为今后的结核病防控工作提供参考.方法 对2008年1月至2015年12月《结核病信息管理系统》登记报告的黑龙江省新登记的涂阳肺结核患者93 383例,采用描述性统计分析的方法分析8年来全省13个地级市(区)新登记的涂阳肺结核患者的平均报告发病率、性别、年龄、职业等流行病学特征.结果 (1)2008 2015年平均报告登记发病率为30.25/10万(93 383/30 870万).(2)2008-2015年黑龙江省新登记涂阳肺结核患者中,男性登记发病率为42.62/10万(66 537/15 610万),女性为17.59/10万(26 846/15 258万),差异有统计学意义(x2=6086.28,P＜0.05).(3)随着年龄的增加,肺结核的发病例数不断升高,其中35～44岁(20.78％,19 405/93 383)和45～54岁(23.28％,21 741/93 383)年龄组患者最多,不同年龄组比较差异有统计学意义(x2趋势=46 828.26,P＜0.05);(4)患者的职业分布以农民最多,占总登记发病率的46.58％(43 500/93 383);其次是家政、家务及待业人员,占28.67％(26 771/93 383).结论 2008-2015年黑龙江省新登记涂阳肺结核患者的统计显示,35～54岁年龄组人群、男性、农民是今后防控工作的重点人群.“,”Objective The epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis patients in 13 prefecture-level cities (districts) in Heilongjiang province from 2008 to 2015 were analyzed,in order to disclose the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in Heilongjiang province and to provide reference for future tuberculosis prevention and control.Methods From January 2008 to December 2015,the National Tuberculosis Information Management System reported 93 383 new smear positive patients in Heilongjiang province.By descriptive statistical analysis,the epidemiological characteristics of these newly registered smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the 13 prefecture-level cities (districts) during the 8 years were analyzed,including average incidence rate,gender,age,and occupation distribution.Results (1) From 2008 to 2015,the average annual reported incidence rate was 30.25/100 000 (93 383/308 700 000).(2) Among the newly registered smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Heilongjiang province from 2008 to 2015,the male registered incidence was 42.62/100 000 (66 537/156 100 000),whereas the female registered incidence was 17.59/100 000 (26 846/152 580 000);there was significant difference (x2 =6086.28,P＜0.05).(3) The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis increased with age.Majority patients were in the 35-44 years old (20.78％,19 405/93 383) and 45-54 years old (23.28％,21 741/93 383) age group.The difference among age groups was statistically significant (x2trend =46 828.26,P＜0.05).(4) Farmer was the most common occupation of patients,accounting for 46.58％ (43 500/93 383) of the total registered incidence;followed by domestic worker,house worker and job seeker,accounting for 28.67％ (26 771/93 383).Conclusion The statistical results of newly registered smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Heilongjiang during 2008-2015 showed that the elderly (aged from 35 to 54 years),male and farmer are the key targets in the future tuberculosis prevention and control work.