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目的:探讨弥漫性轴索损伤的CT特征。方法:回顾性分析6例弥漫性轴索损伤患者的CT表现,所有患者均在伤后24 h内接受CT检查。结果:CT检查示5例患者脑内见斑片状高密度出血灶,1例患者脑内见斑片状低密度灶。6例患者中线均无明显偏移。出血灶位于大脑皮层者5例,位于脑干者3例,位于脑白质者3例,位于胼胝体者2例。3例患者脑室内出血,2例患者蛛网膜下腔出血,1例患者额、颞叶见斑片状低密度影。1例患者脑肿胀。6例患者伴颅骨骨折或头皮下软组织肿胀或副鼻窦积液或肺挫伤。结论:弥漫性轴索损伤患者病情危重,CT为首选检查,CT表现可为临床诊断提供重要依据。
Objective: To investigate the CT features of diffuse axonal injury. Methods: CT findings of 6 patients with diffuse axonal injury were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent CT examination within 24 hours after injury. Results: CT examination showed that 5 patients had patchy high density hemorrhage in the brain, and 1 patient had patchy low density lesions in the brain. There was no obvious shift in midline of 6 patients. Hemorrhage in the cerebral cortex in 5 cases, located in 3 cases of brain stem, located in the white matter in 3 cases, located in the corpus callosum in 2 cases. 3 patients had intracerebral hemorrhage, 2 patients had subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 1 patient had frontal and temporal lobes with patchy low density. One patient had brain swelling. Six patients had skull fracture or swelling of the scalp soft tissue or paranasal sinus fluid or pulmonary contusion. Conclusion: The patients with diffuse axonal injury are critically ill and CT is the first choice for examination. CT findings may provide important evidence for clinical diagnosis.