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背景:目前关于男女运动员非接触式前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤的可控性风险因素的研究多为描述性。因此,有必要了解非接触式ACL损伤的风险和风险因素之间的生物力学关系,从而开发有效的预防方案。目的:对非接触式ACL损伤受试者及对照组的下肢运动学和动力学进行比较,确定非接触式ACL损伤组中男女受试者的下肢运动模式是否存在差异。方法:在该项计算机仿真研究中,使用一种随机生物力学模型来评估急停起跳着地期间后地面反作用力(GRF)峰值出现时的ACL负荷。利用蒙特卡罗仿真模拟ACL损伤,并对独立变量进行重复随机抽样。通过男女各40名业余运动员的体内试验数据确定独立变量的分布。结果:与模拟未受伤组相比,模拟受伤组男女运动员的膝关节屈曲角度较小、后地面反作用力和垂直地面反作用力较大、膝外翻时间较长、髌腱力较大、股四头肌拉力较大、膝伸展较长、胫骨近端前剪切力较大。这些变量在模拟受伤组男女成员之间无显著差异。结论:用随机生物力学模型进行因果分析,表明研究膝关节屈曲角度小、后地面反作用力大、外翻时间长是非接触式ACL损伤的风险因素。
BACKGROUND: At present, most studies on the controllable risk factors of non-contact ACL injury in both male and female athletes are descriptive. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the biomechanical relationship between the risk of non-contact ACL injury and risk factors to develop effective prevention programs. OBJECTIVE: To compare the lower extremity kinematics and dynamics of non-contact ACL injury subjects and control subjects to determine whether there is a difference in lower extremity motor pattern between male and female subjects in the non-contact ACL injury group. METHODS: In this computer simulation study, a randomized biomechanical model was used to assess ACL load at the onset of peak ground reaction force (GRF) after an emergency landing. ACL lesions were simulated using Monte Carlo simulation and random variables were repeated randomly. The distribution of independent variables was determined by in vivo data from 40 male and female amateurs. Results: Compared with the simulated uninjured group, the flexion angle of the knee joint of the simulated injury group was smaller, the reaction force of the ground and the vertical ground were larger, the time of knee eversion was longer, the patellar tendon force was larger, Larger head muscle tension, knee extension longer, greater proximal tibia shear force. There was no significant difference in these variables between male and female mock-simulated subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The causal analysis using a stochastic biomechanical model shows that studies of small knee flexion and large post-ground reaction forces and long eversion time are risk factors for non-contact ACL injury.