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(一)最初的情况 1.经过第一阶段(即1875年前),产生了四种制冷机,这四种制冷机在近一个世纪内以其不同的地位统治着制冷工业。按其先后顺序,它们是:——可液化气体压缩-蒸发式制冷机;——预压缩空气膨胀式制冷机;——吸收式制冷机;——水减压蒸发式制冷机。最后一种制冷机如今已被淘汰。前三类制冷机的前身是在较短的时间内(准确地说是在25年内)诞生的:1834年Perkins的乙醚制冷机,1844年Gorrie的空气循环式制冷机和1859年FerdinandCarre’的氨吸收式制冷机。现在,压缩式系统已远远压倒了其它系统,但在1900年以前却不是这样。
(I) Initial situation 1. After the first stage (that is, before 1875), four refrigerators were produced, and the four refrigerators dominated the refrigeration industry in different positions for nearly a century. They are, in the order of their preference: liquefiable gas compression-evaporative chillers; pre-compressed air expansion chillers; absorption chillers; water-vacuum evaporative chillers. The last refrigerator has now been eliminated. The predecessors of the first three types of refrigerators were born in a relatively short period of time (to be exact within 25 years): Perkins’ Ethyl Ether Chillers in 1834, Gorrie’s Air Circulation Chillers in 1844 and Ferdinand Carre’s ammonia in 1859 Absorption refrigerators. Compression systems are now far overwhelmed by other systems, but not before 1900.