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目的了解大连市2006—2013年水痘流行病学特征,进一步完善水痘防治策略及规划。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2006—2013年大连市水痘流行的三间分布等特点进行分析。结果 2006—2013年大连市共报告水痘24 023例,年平均发病率为47.87/10万,无死亡病例。冬春季为高发月份;发病率居前3位的地区分别为高新园区(136.52/10万)、甘井子区(94.77/10万)和旅顺口区(75.47/10万);水痘病例主要集中于20岁以下年龄组,以学生和托幼儿童为主,其中5~9岁发病率最高,为308.52/10万;大于20岁的成人水痘发病比例呈明显上升趋势。水痘暴发疫情共235起,其中有18起构成Ⅳ级突发公共卫生事件,主要发生在学校和托幼机构。结论大连市水痘发病呈现明显的季节性高峰,儿童为高发人群,加强监测,尽早开展水痘疫苗常规接种是降低水痘发病率最为有效的方法。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox from 2006 to 2013 in Dalian and to further improve the prevention and cure strategies and plans for chickenpox. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the three distributions of chickenpox in Dalian from 2006 to 2013. Results A total of 24 023 chickenpox cases were reported in Dalian from 2006 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 47.87 / 100 000 without deaths. The areas with the top three incidences were high-tech park (136.52 / 100000), Ganjingzi district (94.77 / 100000) and Lushunkoukou district (75.47 / 100000) respectively. The cases of chickenpox were mainly concentrated in The age group under 20 years old, mainly students and nurseries, of which 5 to 9 years old the highest incidence of 308.52 / 100 000; adults over 20 years of age the incidence of chicken pox showed a clear upward trend. A total of 235 outbreaks of chickenpox were reported, of which 18 constituted a grade IV public health emergency, occurring mainly in schools and nurseries. Conclusions The incidence of chickenpox in Dalian shows obvious seasonal peak and children are high risk population. To strengthen the monitoring and early routine vaccination of chickenpox is the most effective method to reduce the incidence of chickenpox.