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以华美1号和郑单958为材料,以1.5万株为梯度,共设置12个密度处理,种植密度自1.5万株/hm~2增至18万株/hm~2,研究探讨高产高效春玉米的冠层结构特征和光合特性。结果表明,华美1号在12.0万株/hm~2时产量达到最高,为15 912.8 kg/hm~2;郑单958在6.0万株/hm~2时产量最高,为13 685.9 kg/hm~2。在适当高的种植密度内(华美1号为9.0万~13.5万株/hm~2,郑单958为6.0万~9.0万株/hm~2),华美1号吐丝期最大LAI达4.19~5.30,群体穗位层透光率达17.57%~23.79%;郑单958吐丝期最大LAI达4.71~6.54,群体穗位层透光率达17.77%~23.66%。冠层内透光率、叶夹角、茎粗、叶片厚度、净光合速率和叶绿素相对含量均随密度增加而不同程度下降。华美1号穗位层及穗位层以上LAI占全株叶面积比例高,叶片小而厚,穗位层透光率好,各项冠层指标不同程度优于郑单958。
Taking Huamei 1 and Zhengdan 958 as materials and 15,000 strains as gradient, a total of 12 density treatments were set up. The planting density increased from 15,000 to 180,000 plants / hm ~ 2. The effects of high yield and high efficiency spring Canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics of maize. The results showed that the highest yield was 15 912.8 kg / hm ~ 2 when Huamei 1 was 120,000 plants / hm ~ 2 and the highest yield was 60 690.9 kg / hm ~ 2. Within the appropriate planting density (the gorgeous No. 1 was 90,000 ~ 135,000 / hm ~ 2, Zhengdan 958 was 60,000 ~ 90,000 / hm ~ 2) 5.30, the transpiration rate of ear layer reached 17.57% ~ 23.79%. The maximum LAI of silking stage of Zhengdan 958 reached 4.71 ~ 6.54, and the transpiration rate of ear group reached 17.77% ~ 23.66%. Canopy light transmittance, leaf angle, stem diameter, leaf thickness, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll relative content decreased with increasing density. The ratio of LAI to panicle area above the panicle was higher in Huamei 1 and above panicle, but the leaves were thicker and thicker, and the transmissivity of ear layer was better. All the canopy indices were better than that of Zhengdan 958.