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从十九世纪中叶到二十世纪初，中华文化近代化的历程在奋斗与挫折、希望与失望中缓慢延伸．一批批志士仁人的设计蓝图、治国方略直至鲜血头颅都付之东流．不仅如此，长期以来被先进的中国人奉为楷模的西方资本主义文化，自身也陷入深刻的危机．世界大战的烽火遍及欧洲大陆，给人类以空前的浩劫．这就给人们以双重的困惑．学西方七十年，不但未获成效，到头来连西方值不值得学，都发生疑问．中华文化向何处去？恪守旧道，显然没有前途，而追赶新潮，又方向茫然．资本主义文化已失去昔日的光彩，蒙上灰暗的阴霾，但俄罗斯大地上那一片熹微晨光，却给人们以新的期冀和鼓舞．“五·四”运动开始了中华文化近代化的新阶段，产生了“五·四时代”．民主与科学成为觉悟者的共识，马克思主义的中国化，更给予中华民族以锐利的思想武器，去扫除民族文化近代化道路的重要障碍．新民主主义文化的凤凰，在二十世纪中叶的中国腾空而起，振翅高飞。
From the middle of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century, the course of the modernization of Chinese culture slowly extended through struggle and frustration, hope and disappointment. A group of clichés people design blueprint, rule the country until the blood head skull. Not only that, the Western capitalist culture, long modeled on by advanced Chinese, has also plunged itself into a profound crisis. The flames of world war all over the European continent, to the unprecedented catastrophe to mankind. This gives people double puzzles. Seventy years of studying in the West have not only failed to achieve results, but even the West is worth learning in the long run, all doubt. Chinese culture where to go? Adhere to the old road, apparently no future, and catch up trendy, but also the direction of loss. Capitalist culture has lost its glorious past and cast a gloomy haze, but the delicate morning light on the earth of Russia has given people a new expectation and encouragement. The “May 4th” Movement has started a new phase of the modernization of Chinese culture and produced the “May Fourth Era”. Democracy and science have become the consensus of the enlightened people and the sinicization of Marxism has given the Chinese nation sharply an ideological weapon and an important obstacle to rid the country of its modernization. The phoenix of the new-democratic culture, which rose in mid-twentieth-century China, flew high.