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目的:系统地比较和分析病人安全文化/氛围测量工具的性能和特点,为研究者正确选择测量工具提供帮助。方法:应用系统回顾和比较研究的方法,收集近20年来发展并应用在医疗保健领域的病人安全文化/氛围测量工具,比较这些工具的测量维度和性能特点。结果:6个英文量表和1个中文量表符合研究纳入标准,被本研究纳入。这些研究量表的测量维度变异较大,从1～12个不等,但多涉及病人安全的管理和领导、安全方面的政策、沟通交流情况、安全事件的报告以及人员配置方面。这些研究工具性能的建立和检验方法不尽相同,多使用了因子分析法以及对量表信度检验的方法。研究工具性能指标也表现出差异性。结论:现有的病人安全文化/氛围测量工具有着不同的测量维度、工具性能和适用性,研究者应根据自身的研究目的,结合这些工具的特点做出恰当的选择。
OBJECTIVE: To systematically compare and analyze the performance and characteristics of patient safety culture / ambience measurement tools to assist researchers in choosing the right measurement tools. Methods: By means of systematic reviews and comparative studies, patient safety culture / ambience measurement tools developed in the past 20 years and applied in the field of health care were collected and the measurement dimensions and performance characteristics of these tools were compared. Results: Six English scales and one Chinese scale met the inclusion criteria of the study and were included in this study. The measurement dimensions of these research scales varied widely, ranging from 1 to 12, but mostly related to patient safety management and leadership, safety policies, communication and exchange, safety incidents reporting and staffing. The performance of these research tools to establish and test methods vary, the use of multi-factor analysis and test methods to measure the reliability. Research tools performance indicators also showed differences. CONCLUSION: The existing patient safety culture / ambience measurement tools have different measurement dimensions, tool performance and applicability. Researchers should make proper choices according to their own research purposes and the characteristics of these tools.