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马克思认为奴隶制、封建制时期国家与社会是同一的、重合的,这种现象导致了对人的个性自由的泯灭;资本主义时期国家与社会是分离的,这种分离具有历史进步性,同时也带来了人的生活的二元化与人的本质的异化。只有国家复归于社会,才能实现人的自由全面发展。马克思关于国家与社会关系的思想中,内含着对人的自由、本质、发展的伦理关怀意蕴。
Marx believed that during the feudal period, the state and society were identical and coincidental, which led to the dehumanization of individual’s freedom of personality. In the capitalist period, the state and the society were separated, and the separation was of historical progress. At the same time, It also brings about the dualization of human life and the alienation of human nature. Only when the state returns to society can the free and all-round development of man be realized. Marx’s thinking on the relationship between state and society contains the ethical concern about freedom, essence and development of human beings.